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Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
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Unilateral "Inactive" Condylar Hyperplasia: New Histological Data.

Michele Runci Anastasi1, Antonio Centofanti1, Angelo Favaloro1

  • 1Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
|November 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Inactive unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) shows moderate protein and bone marker expression, suggesting potential for reactivation. This finding challenges the notion that the condition is self-limiting, offering new insights into condylar growth disorders.

Keywords:
ATMcartilagehistologyimmunofluorescenceinactive condylar hyperplasia

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Histopathology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) causes facial asymmetry and jaw dysfunction.
  • UCH presents as 'active' (continuous growth) or 'inactive' (stabilized growth).
  • Microscopic studies on inactive UCH are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate histological features of inactive UCH.
  • To examine the expression of key proteins and bone markers in inactive UCH.
  • To understand the biological activity of stabilized condylar growth.

Main Methods:

  • Examined 15 biopsies from patients aged 28-36 years.
  • Utilized light microscopy and immunofluorescence.
  • Assessed expression of collagen I/II, MMP-2/9, RANK, and osteocalcin.

Main Results:

  • Moderate expression of collagen, metalloproteinases, RANK, and osteocalcin was observed.
  • No cartilage islands were detected in inactive UCH samples.
  • Histological activity is present, though not as pronounced as in active UCH.

Conclusions:

  • Inactive UCH exhibits borderline features, not complete stabilization.
  • These features may indicate a potential for reactivation.
  • The condition might represent a slow, non-self-limiting progression.