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An overview on the interaction between non-coding RNAs and CTLA-4 gene in human diseases

Amir Ebrahimi1, Tahereh Barati1, Zohreh Mirzaei1

  • 1Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Genetics, Tabriz, Iran.

Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England)
|November 25, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Epigenetic regulation of Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is crucial for T-cell activation and preventing diseases. This review summarizes ncRNA regulation of CTLA-4 in human disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a key regulator of T-cell activation, influencing IL-2 production and T-cell proliferation.
  • Dysregulation of CTLA-4 expression is linked to severe conditions including cancer, infectious diseases, allergies, and autoimmune diseases.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are significant epigenetic regulators of CTLA-4.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize current research on the epigenetic control of CTLA-4.
  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms, biological processes, and clinical applications of ncRNA-mediated CTLA-4 regulation in human diseases.
  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of the CTLA-4/ncRNA/mRNA axis in disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of studies investigating ncRNA regulation of CTLA-4.
  • Examination of associations between CTLA-4-regulating ncRNAs and clinicopathological characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Abnormalities in ncRNAs regulating CTLA-4 have been associated with various clinicopathological features.
  • A significant gap exists in comprehensive investigations of CTLA-4 epigenetic regulation by ncRNAs.
  • Existing data highlight the critical role of ncRNAs in modulating CTLA-4 expression and its downstream effects.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic regulation, particularly by ncRNAs, plays a vital role in maintaining CTLA-4 homeostasis.
  • Understanding CTLA-4 epigenetic regulation by ncRNAs is essential for comprehending its role in diverse human diseases.
  • Further comprehensive research is needed to fully elucidate the clinical implications of CTLA-4-targeting ncRNAs.
Keywords:
CTLA-4DiseasecircRNAlncRNAmiRNA

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