Outcomes in Randomized Clinical Trials Testing Changes in Daily Water Intake: A Systematic Review
Nizar Hakam1, Jose Luis Guzman Fuentes1, Behnam Nabavizadeh2
1Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco.
JAMA Network Open
|November 25, 2024
Summary
Increasing daily water intake shows potential benefits for weight loss and reducing kidney stones. Further research is needed to confirm these health outcomes and explore other potential benefits of adequate hydration.
Area of Science:
- Health Sciences
- Nutrition Science
- Clinical Research
Background:
- Public recommendations for daily water intake lack clear supporting evidence.
- The health benefits of increasing water consumption are not well-established.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on health outcomes related to altered daily water consumption.
- To assess the impact of increased or decreased water intake on various health-related outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase up to April 6, 2023.
- Included studies were RCTs or crossover studies assessing the impact of defined changes in daily water intake on health outcomes.
Main Results:
- Eighteen eligible studies were included, primarily parallel group RCTs.
- Increased water consumption was associated with greater weight loss and fewer nephrolithiasis events.
- Some studies suggested benefits for migraine prevention, urinary tract infections, diabetes control, and hypotension.
Conclusions:
- Limited clinical trial evidence exists for the health benefits of increased water intake.
- Water intake may aid weight loss and reduce kidney stone incidence.
- Further well-designed studies are warranted to confirm these benefits and explore other potential health impacts.
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