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Bear baiting risks and mitigations: An assessment using expert opinion analyses.

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Bear baiting, permitted in North America, is functionally equivalent to feeding bears and poses risks to public safety and natural processes. Current regulations are inadequate to mitigate these issues, creating conflicts with conservation goals.

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Area of Science:

  • Wildlife Management
  • Conservation Biology
  • Human-Wildlife Conflict

Background:

  • Bear baiting is authorized in multiple North American jurisdictions, including National Park Service (NPS) lands in Alaska.
  • Alaska's regulations permit bear baiting with limited restrictions on bait type and quantity, but specify distances from roads, trails, and dwellings.
  • NPS lands host diverse recreational activities, leading to potential conflicts between hunting and non-hunting uses due to overlapping areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess expert opinions on the consistency of bear baiting practices with state and federal wildlife management mandates.
  • To evaluate the impacts of bear baiting on public safety, natural bear behaviors, and ecological processes within NPS lands.
  • To determine the adequacy of current mitigation strategies for bear baiting risks.

Main Methods:

  • Questionnaires were developed to gather expert opinions on the potential impacts of bear baiting on NPS lands.
  • Surveys were distributed to 14 NPS and 27 non-NPS bear research and management experts.
  • Respondent opinions were collated to analyze consistency with wildlife management mandates.

Main Results:

  • Experts unequivocally found bear baiting to be functionally equivalent to feeding bears.
  • Bear baiting can lead to human food-conditioning, increased defense-of-life-and-property kills, and altered natural behaviors.
  • Current mitigation strategies are considered inadequate to minimize public safety risks and property damage.

Conclusions:

  • Bear baiting fundamentally challenges the harmony between state mandates prioritizing hunter opportunity and NPS mandates focused on public safety and natural processes.
  • The practice alters natural bear behaviors and ecological processes, increasing risks to both bears and the public.
  • There is a critical need to re-evaluate bear baiting regulations to align with broader conservation and public safety objectives.