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Childhood exposure to coethnics increases naturalization.

Mathias Kruse1,2

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Exposure to coethnic peers in childhood positively impacts immigrant children's integration. This study finds that a modest presence of coethnic peers increases later-life naturalization rates, suggesting it aids integration.

Keywords:
childhoodethnic compositionimmigrationintegrationnaturalization

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Demography
  • Education Policy

Background:

  • Concerns exist regarding immigrant integration due to coethnic social networks potentially limiting interaction with the ethnic majority.
  • Existing research on the impact of coethnic peer exposure on integration is empirically and theoretically ambiguous, especially for migrant children.
  • Causal evidence on the integration effects of childhood social environments for migrant populations is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal effect of childhood ethnic composition on the integration of immigrants and descendants with non-European Union backgrounds.
  • To examine whether exposure to coethnic peers in school influences a key behavioral indicator of integration: naturalization.
  • To provide empirical evidence on the role of the social environment in the integration of migrant children.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-quality Danish administrative panel data spanning 28 years.
  • Employed a quasi-experimental design using the sibling assignment into different school grades within the same school to isolate causal effects.
  • Focused on immigrants and descendants with non-European Union backgrounds.

Main Results:

  • Exposure to coethnic peers in school grades was found to significantly increase the probability of later-life naturalization.
  • Improved academic skills, correlated with citizenship acquisition, are identified as a primary mechanism explaining this positive effect.
  • The findings indicate a positive correlation between coethnic peer exposure and enhanced integration outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The social environment experienced in childhood plays a causally important role in the integration of non-European Union migrant children.
  • A modest presence of coethnic peers can serve as a crucial precondition for, rather than a barrier to, successful integration.
  • Policy implications suggest that fostering inclusive school environments that allow for some coethnic interaction may support immigrant integration.