Different oscillatory mechanisms of dementia-related diseases with cognitive impairment in closed-eye state

The escalating global trend of aging has intensified the focus on health concerns prevalent among the elderly. Notably, Dementia related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), significantly impair the quality of life for both affected seniors and their caregivers. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of these diseases remain incompletely understood, especially in terms of neural oscillations. In this study, we leveraged an open dataset containing 36 CE, 23 FTD, and 29 healthy controls (HC) to investigate these mechanisms. We accurately and clearly identified three stable oscillation targets (theta, ∼5 Hz, alpha, ∼10 Hz, and beta, ∼18 Hz) that facilitate differentiation between AD, FTD, and HC both statistically and through classification using machine learning algorithms. Overall, the differences between AD and HC were the most pronounced, with FTD exhibiting intermediate characteristics. The differences in the theta and alpha bands showed a global pattern, whereas the differences in the beta band were localized to the central-temporal region. Moreover, our analysis revealed that the relative theta power was significantly and negatively correlated with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, while the relative alpha and beta power showed a significant positive correlation. This study is the first to pinpoint multiple robust and effective neural oscillation targets to distinguish AD, offering a simple and convenient method that holds promise for future applications in the early screening of large-scale dementia-related diseases.