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Microproteins encoded by short open reading frames: Vital regulators in neurological diseases
Xiao Xiao1, Yitian Wang2, Tingyu Li3
1Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
Progress in Neurobiology
|November 25, 2024
Summary
Microproteins, encoded by short open reading frames (sORFs), are crucial regulators in cellular processes and neuroscience. This review highlights their roles in neurological disorders, from nerve injury to neurodegeneration.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Neuroscience
- Genomics
Background:
- Short open reading frames (sORFs) were historically dismissed as non-coding elements.
- Emerging genomic and proteomic technologies validate sORF-encoded peptides (microproteins).
- Microproteins play fundamental regulatory roles in cellular functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the origins, characteristics, classifications, and functions of microproteins.
- To focus on the molecular mechanisms of microproteins in neurological disorders.
- To discuss potential applications and future challenges in microprotein research.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of genomic and proteomic studies.
- Analysis of microprotein functions in cellular processes.
- Examination of microprotein involvement in neurological conditions.
Main Results:
- Microproteins are validated regulatory elements with diverse cellular functions.
- In neuroscience, microproteins act as neurotransmitters and regulate metabolism and emotions.
- Microproteins significantly impact neurological conditions including nerve injury, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Conclusions:
- Microproteins are essential players in cellular regulation and neurological health.
- Understanding microprotein mechanisms offers therapeutic potential for neurological disorders.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate microprotein functions and applications.
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