Using additive manufacturing for craniocervical reconstruction in traditionally challenging cases.

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Biomedical Engineering
• Spinal Surgery

Background:

• Complex pathologies of the upper cervical spine and occipitocervical junction pose significant surgical challenges.
• Conventional surgical instruments may be inadequate for treating conditions like C2 primary tumors and severe atlantoaxial dislocations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the clinical outcomes and effectiveness of 3D printed implants in upper cervical spine and occipitocervical junction surgery.
• To assess the stability and surgical success of customized 3D printed implants in complex spinal reconstructions.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective case series involving patients with C2 primary tumors or atlantoaxial joint dislocations.
• Utilized customized 3D printed artificial vertebral bodies for tumor reconstruction and internal fixation devices for dislocation reduction and decompression.

Main Results:

• Postoperative imaging confirmed good immediate stability of 3D printed implants with no displacement or subsidence.
• All five cases of vertebral body reconstruction achieved fusion; neurological function improved in most patients.
• One patient experienced mortality due to postoperative infection and respiratory issues.

Conclusions:

• 3D printed implants represent a feasible and reliable alternative for occipitocervical surgeries.
• Customized 3D printed implants are valuable for complex atlantoaxial dislocations unresponsive to conventional methods.
• These implants enhance surgical safety and accuracy, offering good stability and low complication rates.