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Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials01:24

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Brittle materials, including glass, cast iron, and stone, exhibit unique characteristics. They fracture without considerable change in their elongation rate, indicating that their breaking and ultimate strength are equivalent. Such materials also show lower strain levels at the point of rupture. The failure in brittle materials predominantly results from normal stresses, as evidenced by the rupture created along a surface perpendicular to the applied load. These materials do not display...
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In designing structural elements and machine parts using ductile materials, it is crucial to ensure that these components withstand applied stresses without yielding. Yielding is initially determined through a tensile test, which evaluates the material's response to uniaxial stress. However, tensile stress is insufficient when components face biaxial or plane stress conditions This condition requires advanced criteria to predict failure.
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Fatigue01:21

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Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...
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In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Calculation method for brittle fracture of functional gradient materials.

Cong Qi1, Ai-Guo Pi2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijiing, 100081, China. fuyao_yj@163.com.

Scientific Reports
|November 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new computational method combining phase field modeling and wavelet dummy node-virtual crack closure technique (WDN-VCCT) for calculating stress intensity factors (SIFs) in materials.

Keywords:
Brittle fractureCrackFunctional gradient materialsPhase fieldStress intensity factor

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Area of Science:

  • Computational mechanics
  • Materials science
  • Fracture mechanics

Background:

  • Accurate calculation of stress intensity factors (SIFs) is crucial for predicting material failure.
  • Existing methods may have limitations in handling complex crack geometries and material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel computational approach for SIFs calculation.
  • To investigate the influence of various parameters on the mechanical response and SIFs in functional gradient materials (FGMs).

Main Methods:

  • Integration of the phase field model with the wavelet dummy node-virtual crack closure technique (WDN-VCCT).
  • Calculation of node displacement via an improved brittle fracture phase field method.
  • Establishment of node displacement-force relationship using WDN-VCCT for SIFs computation.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method accurately calculates SIFs at the crack tip.
  • Experimental validation using functional gradient material (FGM) tensile tests confirmed the method's correctness.
  • Analysis revealed the impact of crack inclination, position, and gradient index on mechanical behavior and SIFs.

Conclusions:

  • The combined phase field and WDN-VCCT method offers a reliable tool for SIFs analysis.
  • Findings provide valuable insights for estimating FGM service life and optimizing structural designs.