Recurrent Bell's Palsy: A Comprehensive Analysis of Associated Factors and Outcomes

Background: Bell's palsy is a common peripheral facial nerve disorder that manifests as sudden unilateral facial paralysis. The condition, believed to be caused by viral infections and ischemic processes, affects a significant portion of the population and is associated with various systemic comorbidities. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognosis in primary and recurrent Bell's palsy to identify factors associated with recurrence and outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with Bell's palsy at tertiary hospital between 2018 and 2024. Data collected included demographic information, comorbid conditions, clinical features, and recovery outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the significance of various factors in the recurrence of Bell's palsy. Results: The study included 254 patients. Recurrence was observed in 20.9% of cases. Significant risk factors for recurrence included diabetes (33.3%), hypertension (41.0%), hypothyroidism (56.1%), autoimmune disorders (54.2%), and a family history of Bell's palsy (48.6%). The severity of initial paralysis also influenced recurrence rates. Complete recovery from the initial episode was achieved by 66.9% of patients, whereas prolonged recovery times were noted in recurrent cases. Conclusion: The study highlights the significant role of systemic comorbidities and the severity of initial presentation in the recurrence of Bell's palsy.