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Using RZWQM2-P to capture tile drainage phosphorus dynamics in Ohio.

Harmanpreet Singh Grewal1, Zhiming Qi1, Vinayak Shedekar2

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Summary

This study validates the RZWQM2-P model for simulating phosphorus loss in tile-drained fields. Results show winter cover crops reduce phosphorus loss, while controlled drainage may increase it, highlighting RZWQM2-P

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Agricultural Science
  • Water Quality Management

Background:

  • Phosphorus (P) loading from agricultural lands with tile drainage contributes to water quality degradation and ecosystem damage.
  • The RZWQM2-P model simulates P fate and transport in soil-water-plant systems, particularly in tile-drained croplands.
  • Limited comprehensive evaluation of the RZWQM2-P model hinders its application in P management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the RZWQM2-P model's accuracy in simulating phosphorus dynamics in tile-drained agricultural systems.
  • To assess the effectiveness of management practices, specifically controlled drainage (CD) and winter cover crops (CC), in mitigating P losses.
  • To provide a validated tool for optimizing P management strategies in agricultural settings.

Main Methods:

  • Calibrated and validated the RZWQM2-P model using extensive field data on water flow and P loss (dissolved reactive P and total P) from a tile-drained site in Ohio (2017-2020).
  • Monitored subsurface drainage and surface runoff flows on a daily basis.
  • Utilized the validated model to simulate the impact of controlled drainage and winter cover crops on P loss compared to a base scenario and free drainage.

Main Results:

  • The RZWQM2-P model satisfactorily simulated daily and monthly dissolved reactive P (DRP) loss and monthly total P (TP) loss, with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values ranging from 0.50 to 0.73.
  • Daily TP simulation accuracy was lower (NSE = 0.30).
  • Simulations indicated winter rye cover crops reduced DRP by 16% and TP by 4%, while controlled drainage increased DRP (60%-129%) and TP (5%-17%) losses at tested elevations.

Conclusions:

  • The RZWQM2-P model effectively captures phosphorus dynamics in tile-drained croplands, proving to be a valuable tool for P management.
  • Winter cover crops show potential for reducing P losses from agricultural drainage systems.
  • Controlled drainage, depending on outlet elevation, may increase P losses, necessitating careful implementation.