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Related Concept Videos

Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the biosynthesis of the...
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Conservation of Declining Populations

Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.

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Framing a Biobanking Response to Myrtle Rust in Western Australia.

Emma L Dalziell1,2, Bryn Funnekotter2, Matthew D Barrett2,3

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.

Biopreservation and Biobanking
|November 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Myrtle rust threatens Western Australia's diverse Myrtaceae flora. This study prioritizes species for urgent ex situ germplasm conservation using seed banking, cryobiotechnology, and tissue culture to prevent extinction.

Keywords:
biosecuritybotanic gardenscryopreservationex situ conservationseed bankingtissue culture

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Conservation biology
  • Biosecurity

Background:

  • Myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) arrived in Australia in 2010 and has since devastated native Myrtaceae species.
  • Western Australia (WA) hosts significant Myrtaceae diversity, with many endemic and threatened species.
  • Myrtle rust was detected in northern WA in 2022, posing a new biosecurity threat to the state's unique flora.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the risk of myrtle rust to WA's Myrtaceae species.
  • To advocate for pre-emptive ex situ germplasm conservation strategies.
  • To provide a prioritized list of WA Myrtaceae for conservation action.

Main Methods:

  • Review of myrtle rust spread and impact in Australia.
  • Analysis of WA's Myrtaceae diversity, endemism, and conservation status.
  • Identification of climatically suitable areas for myrtle rust in WA.
  • Prioritization of Myrtaceae genera and species for ex situ conservation.

Main Results:

  • WA's temperate south coast is identified as potentially climatically suitable for myrtle rust.
  • A significant number of WA's endemic and threatened Myrtaceae species lack susceptibility data.
  • A prioritized list of at-risk Myrtaceae species for conservation is presented.

Conclusions:

  • Ex situ germplasm conservation is crucial for managing biosecurity threats like myrtle rust.
  • Urgent, coordinated conservation efforts are needed to safeguard WA's vulnerable Myrtaceae.
  • Integrated approaches including seed banking, cryobiotechnology, and tissue culture are essential for effective germplasm conservation.