Emerging biotechnologies for engineering liver organoids

The engineering construction of the liver has attracted enormous attention. Organoids, as emerging miniature three-dimensional cultivation units, hold significant potential in the biomimetic simulation of liver structure and function. Despite notable successes, organoids still face limitations such as high variability and low maturity. To overcome these challenges, engineering strategies have been established to maintain organoid stability and enhance their efficacy, laying the groundwork for the development of advanced liver organoids. The present review comprehensively summarizes the construction of engineered liver organoids and their prospective applications in biomedicine. Initially, we briefly present the latest research progress on matrix materials that maintain the three-dimensional morphology of organoids. Next, we discuss the manipulative role of engineering technologies in organoid assembly. Additionally, we outline the impact of gene-level regulation on organoid growth and development. Further, we introduce the applications of liver organoids in disease modeling, drug screening and regenerative medicine. Lastly, we overview the current obstacles and forward-looking perspectives on the future of engineered liver organoids. We anticipate that ongoing innovations in engineered liver organoids will lead to significant advancements in medical applications.