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Diagnostic radiology services generate significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, primarily from the clinical use of MRI and CT equipment. Reducing energy consumption in these imaging procedures is key to lowering the healthcare sector's carbon footprint.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Radiology
  • Healthcare Sustainability

Background:

  • Climate change, driven by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, poses significant human health risks.
  • The healthcare sector in the United States accounts for 8.5% of total GHG emissions.
  • Diagnostic radiology services are a notable contributor to healthcare's environmental impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the life cycle environmental impact of diagnostic radiology services.
  • To estimate the greenhouse gas emissions associated with a single academic medical center's radiology department.
  • To identify the primary sources of emissions within diagnostic radiology workflows.

Main Methods:

  • A process-based life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted following ISO 14040:2006 guidelines.
  • The study encompassed imaging equipment production, energy use (MRI, CT, radiography, fluoroscopy, US), capital equipment, supplies, linens, and data storage.
  • Power usage of imaging equipment was monitored, and a 10-year equipment lifespan was assumed for modeling.

Main Results:

  • Diagnostic radiology services generated 4.6 kilotons of CO2 equivalent (kt CO2e) over a decade.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) accounted for 48% and Computed Tomography (CT) for 24% of cumulative emissions.
  • Clinical use of imaging equipment (54%), imaging equipment production (11%), PACS workstations (11%), and linens (10%) were major GHG contributors.

Conclusions:

  • Energy consumption during the clinical use of imaging equipment is the largest source of GHG emissions in diagnostic radiology departments.
  • MRI and CT equipment are the most significant emitters within radiology.
  • Reducing emissions requires addressing energy use, equipment manufacturing, and associated supplies and infrastructure.