Modelling and Controlling System Dynamics of the Brain: An Intersection of Machine Learning and Control Theory

The human brain, as a complex system, has long captivated multidisciplinary researchers aiming to decode its intricate structure and function. This intricate network has driven scientific pursuits to advance our understanding of cognition, behavior, and neurological disorders by delving into the complex mechanisms underlying brain function and dysfunction. Modelling brain dynamics using machine learning techniques deepens our comprehension of brain dynamics from a computational perspective. These computational models allow researchers to simulate and analyze neural interactions, facilitating the identification of dysfunctions in connectivity or activity patterns. Additionally, the trained dynamical system, serving as a surrogate model, optimizes neurostimulation strategies under the guidelines of control theory. In this chapter, we discuss the recent studies on modelling and controlling brain dynamics at the intersection of machine learning and control theory, providing a framework to understand and improve cognitive function, and treat neurological and psychiatric disorders.