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Metastasis

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Intratibial Osteosarcoma Cell Injection to Generate Orthotopic Osteosarcoma and Lung Metastasis Mouse Models

Intratibial Osteosarcoma Cell Injection to Generate Orthotopic Osteosarcoma and Lung Metastasis Mouse Models

Published on: October 28, 2021

Brain Metastasis in Pediatric Patients with Osteosarcoma.

Jacob Murphy¹, R Taylor Sundby², Erin E Resch³

¹Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.)

|November 26, 2024

Summary

Brain metastases in pediatric osteosarcoma are rare but deadly. Multimodal treatments, including novel drug combinations, may offer survival benefits, but further research is crucial for improved outcomes.

Keywords:

brain metastasis osteosarcoma pediatric oncology

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Intratibial Osteosarcoma Cell Injection to Generate Orthotopic Osteosarcoma and Lung Metastasis Mouse Models

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Published on: October 28, 2021

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma

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Published on: October 14, 2016

Practical Considerations in Studying Metastatic Lung Colonization in Osteosarcoma Using the Pulmonary Metastasis Assay

Practical Considerations in Studying Metastatic Lung Colonization in Osteosarcoma Using the Pulmonary Metastasis Assay

Published on: March 12, 2018

Area of Science:

Pediatric Oncology
Cancer Metastasis
Neurological Oncology

Background:

Brain metastases are infrequent in pediatric osteosarcoma.
Their occurrence is linked to a poor prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review pediatric osteosarcoma patients with brain metastases.
To analyze treatment outcomes and identify potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of six pediatric patients with osteosarcoma brain metastases.
Review of treatments including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy.

Main Results:

Median survival post-brain metastasis was 2.5 months.
Most patients had fatal outcomes despite aggressive treatment.
One patient showed prolonged survival (13+ months) with multimodal therapy including cabozantinib and nivolumab, suggesting potential immune microenvironment changes.

Conclusions:

Vigilant monitoring for neurological symptoms is essential.
Diagnostic challenges and rapid progression necessitate further research.
Prospective studies and clinical trials for novel therapies are critical to improve outcomes.