Sternal Wound Reconstruction Following Deep Sternal Wound Infection: Past, Present and Future: A Literature Review

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Surgery
• Infectious Diseases
• Wound Healing

Background:

• Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is a serious complication following sternotomy.
• Effective management is critical for patient outcomes and reducing morbidity/mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically review historical, current, and prospective strategies for sternal wound reconstruction in DSWI.
• To delineate the roles of prophylaxis, antibiotic therapy, and reconstructive techniques.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of DSWI management.
• Analysis of preventive measures, traditional and current treatment paradigms.
• Evaluation of surgical techniques including debridement, drainage, and reconstruction.

Main Results:

• Prophylaxis (antibiotics, site preparation) is key to reducing DSWI incidence.
• Multidisciplinary management involves debridement, drainage, and repair with antibiotics.
• Current approaches include vacuum-assisted closure and flap reconstruction.

Conclusions:

• Optimal DSWI management integrates prophylaxis, targeted antibiotic therapy, and advanced reconstructive techniques.
• Collaboration between cardiac and plastic surgeons is essential.
• Ongoing innovation is vital for improving sternal wound restoration and patient welfare.