Stress Reduction in Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Mange Management

Stress and dermatosis or itching are strictly related to mange caused by Sarcoptes spp. and Chorioptes spp. mites, which are particularly stressful in alpacas. Treatment is challenging due to limited options, poor response, and low topical efficacy. Paradoxically, veterinary procedures can exacerbate stress, worsening the clinical conditions of these fragile prey species. This case report aims to highlight the key role of stress in the onset and evolution of dermatological diseases. Three alpacas, introduced to an animal theme park, developed dermatological issues three months later. Clinical exams revealed mild itching, and alopecic and hyperkeratotic lesions on their ears, belly, and limbs. Skin scrapings confirmed Sarcoptes scabiei and Chorioptes bovis. Subcutaneous ivermectin was administered at 0.2 mg/kg, repeated at 7, 14, and 21 days. Weekly inspections monitored disease progression and stress responses, including increased vigilance, running, jumping, vocalizations, tachycardia, and tachypnoea. Due to the persistent stress and despite positive parasitological test results, treatment was suspended after day 21, with remote disease monitoring. A month later, the parasitological exam was negative, and three months later, all alpacas showed no clinical signs of complete hair regrowth. Understanding and addressing stress in alpacas is vital in veterinary practice for effective disease management and overall well-being.