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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.2K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

62.6K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
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Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

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Cold Sintering Halide-in-Oxide Composite Solid-State Electrolytes with Enhanced Ionic Conductivity.

Bo Nie1, Ta-Wei Wang1, Seok Woo Lee1

  • 1The Harold and Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|November 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel composite solid-state electrolyte by combining oxide and halide materials using a low-temperature sintering process. This breakthrough enhances safety and performance for next-generation all-solid-state batteries.

Keywords:
LATPcold sinteringcompositehalidesolid-state electrolytes

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) offer high energy density and safety using solid-state electrolytes (SSEs).
  • Oxide SSEs like LATP have high ionic conductivity but poor mechanical properties, requiring high-temperature processing.
  • Halide SSEs offer better deformability but can have limitations that are overcome in composite structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel halide-in-oxide ceramic composite electrolyte for improved ASSB performance.
  • To overcome the processing limitations of oxide SSEs and interface issues in ASSBs.
  • To combine the benefits of oxide and halide SSEs for enhanced ionic conductivity and stability.

Main Methods:

  • A transient liquid-assisted cold sintering process was employed at 150 °C.
  • Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) oxide and Li3InCl6 halide were integrated into a composite SSE.
  • Electrochemical performance was evaluated using symmetric Li|SSE|Li cells at various temperatures.

Main Results:

  • The cosintered LATP-Li3InCl6 composite SSE achieved an ionic conductivity of 1.4 × 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature.
  • The composite structure significantly reduced interface resistance, improving ion transport.
  • Stable lithium stripping and plating were observed for over 1600 hours at 55 °C and 1200 hours at 100 °C.

Conclusions:

  • This study demonstrates the first halide-oxide ceramic composite SSE for high-performance ASSBs.
  • The low-temperature processing method successfully integrates oxide and halide materials, enhancing battery safety and efficiency.
  • The developed composite electrolyte offers a promising pathway for practical, next-generation energy storage solutions.