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Ectopic thyroid tissue in the head and neck.

S Okstad, I W Mair, J A Sundsfjord

    The Journal of Otolaryngology
    |February 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Thyroid ectopia, including lingual thyroids, can present in various neck locations. Routine technetium scintigraphy is recommended for suspected thyroid ectopia, even when thyroglossal cysts are present.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Head and Neck Surgery
    • Diagnostic Imaging

    Background:

    • Thyroid ectopia is a congenital condition where thyroid tissue is found outside its normal location in the neck.
    • Thyroglossal duct cysts are common congenital anomalies that can sometimes be associated with ectopic thyroid tissue.
    • Accurate diagnosis of thyroid ectopia is crucial for appropriate management and to avoid complications.

    Observation:

    • A 10-year review identified five cases of total thyroid ectopia.
    • Ectopic presentations included lingual thyroid (3 cases), perihyoid region (1 case, misdiagnosed as thyroglossal cyst), and lateral neck tumor (1 case).
    • During the same period, 41 thyroglossal cysts were surgically removed, with 41% containing thyroid tissue in their walls.

    Findings:

    Related Experiment Videos

  • None of the removed thyroglossal cysts demonstrated technetium scintigraphy uptake.
  • Thyroid tissue was histologically confirmed in the walls of 41% of thyroglossal cysts.
  • Scintigraphy revealed uptake in ectopic thyroid tissue, aiding diagnosis.

    • Implications:

    • Technetium scintigraphy should be routinely considered in the diagnostic workup of suspected thyroid ectopia.
    • Imaging is essential to differentiate ectopic thyroid from thyroglossal duct cysts and other neck masses.
    • Early and accurate diagnosis of thyroid ectopia can prevent misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate surgical or medical management.