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Associations Between Match Running Performance and Environmental Temperatures in 4 Professional Football Leagues.

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Higher environmental temperatures, measured by wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), were linked to reduced total, high-speed, and sprint distances in professional football matches. Peak match speed, however, increased in warmer conditions, suggesting adaptive pacing strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Environmental Physiology
  • Football Analytics

Background:

  • Environmental conditions significantly influence athletic performance.
  • Understanding the impact of temperature on football (soccer) running metrics is crucial for performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between environmental temperatures and match running performance in professional football.
  • To analyze how dry-bulb and wet-bulb globe temperatures (WBGT) affect total, high-speed, and sprint distances.

Main Methods:

  • Collected running performance data from 1610 matches across German, Japanese, and Turkish professional football leagues.
  • Obtained environmental data, including WBGT, retrospectively for each match.
  • Utilized linear regressions and linear mixed models to analyze the relationships between temperature and performance metrics.

Main Results:

  • Higher WBGT was significantly associated with lower total distance, high-speed distance, and sprint distance covered by players (P < .001).
  • The number of high-speed runs and sprints also decreased with increasing WBGT.
  • Peak speed recorded during matches showed a significant increase with higher WBGT (P < .001).

Conclusions:

  • Warmer environmental conditions correlate with reduced high-intensity running distances in professional football.
  • These findings suggest potential thermoregulatory strain or altered pacing strategies by players in response to heat.
  • Football teams should consider implementing strategies to mitigate the negative effects of heat on player performance and high-intensity work rates.