Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test
Published on: April 9, 2012
Impact of Mass Screening Using Chest X-Ray on Mortality Reduction and Treatment Adherence Among Pulmonary
Ji Yoon Baek1,2,3,4, Sayada Zartasha Kazmi4, Hyunmin Lee5
1Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Background:
Evaluate the impact of chest X-ray (CXR) screening on mortality and treatment adherence by comparing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases detected through screening and those routinely diagnosed at healthcare facilities.
Methods:
A retrospective analysis of 10% randomly sampled National Health Insurance Service claims data assessed PTB cases diagnosed during 2004-2020. Patients were categorized as 'screening-detected (ACF, active case finding)' or 'routinely detected (PCF, passive case finding)' based on CXR screening history. Cox proportional hazards model determined the association between screening and all-cause or tuberculosis (TB)-specific mortality. Treatment adherence was also measured.
Results:
Among 84,828 PTB patients, 18.76% were ACF (15,916), and 81.24% were PCF (68,912). ACF exhibited lower risks in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-0.73) and TB-specific mortality (aHR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.32-0.46) compared to PCF. In the ACF group, 91.39% initiated anti-TB treatment, with 45.99% adherence. For PCF, 92.87% initiated treatment, and only 45.44% were adherent.
Conclusion:
Individuals undergoing CXR screening have a lower risk of both all-cause and TB-specific mortality compared to PCF, but treatment adherence is similar between the two groups, emphasizing the need to improve the linkage between screening, diagnosis, and treatment for the screened population.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pneumothorax-II
Clinical Manifestations:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

