Effects of prebiotics on microbial diversity and abundance in young children with acute malnutrition: study protocol...

The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial benefits of prebiotics may present an affordable and cost-effective strategy for not only the prevention but also treatment of malnutrition. Therefore, the present trial has been designed with the aim to evaluate the role of prebiotics on the gut microbiome of severe acute malnourished (SAM) children.

The study is designed as a prospective, double-blinded, triple-armed, multi-centered randomized controlled trial, with 6-59 months old uncomplicated SAM children recruited to the experimental group receiving ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) plus prebiotics and the active comparator group receiving RUTF plus starch for 2 months duration (8 weeks). Healthy children with matching age and gender will be recruited to placebo comparator group and will receive starch as a placebo during the study period. A total of 58 participants will be recruited to each arm with 1:1:1 allocation ratio following a pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the gut microbiome diversity will serve as the primary outcome, while weight-for-height/length z-score, mid-upper-arm circumference, neurodevelopment assessment, and body mass accumulation will serve as the secondary outcome. Data collection and evaluations will be conducted at baseline and at the end of the trial (week 8), while the safety monitoring will be conducted at every second week. For analysis, the principles of intention-to-treat will be followed.

Conclusively, the results of the present trial would provide useful insights and high-quality data for the treatment and management of SAM children by evaluating the effect of RUTF plus prebiotic on the gut microbiome diversity of children, leading to medical evidence for designing the large-scale studies.

The present trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier No: NCT06155474 and registration date 4 December 2023.