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NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry of Aldehydes and Ketones

NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry of Aldehydes and Ketones

In aldehydes, the hydrogen atom connected to the carbonyl carbon helps distinguish aldehydes from other carbonyl compounds using ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The closeness of aldehydic hydrogen to the electrophilic carbonyl carbon highly deshields the hydrogen atom causing its signal to appear around 10 ppm in the ¹H NMR spectra. α hydrogens split the aldehydic proton signal, which helps identify the number of α hydrogens in the molecule. For instance, one α hydrogen creates a...

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

Infrared spectroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy, is mainly used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups in molecules. In aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl (C=O) bond shows an absorption around 1710 cm-1. The C=O bond vibration of an aldehyde occurs at lower frequencies than that of a ketone. In addition to the C=O absorption in an aldehyde, the aldehydic C–H bond also gives two peaks in the 2700–2800 cm-1 range. This absorption, coupled with the...

Mass Spectrometry: Aldehyde and Ketone Fragmentation

Mass Spectrometry: Aldehyde and Ketone Fragmentation

In mass spectrometry, the fragmentation of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones generally occurs through three key mechanisms: α-cleavage, inductive cleavage, and the McLafferty rearrangement.

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

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Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and...

Structures of Aldehydes and Ketones

Structures of Aldehydes and Ketones

Vanillin—a flavoring agent in vanilla, cinnamaldehyde—a molecule responsible for the distinct smell of cinnamon, and acetone—a strong-smelling ingredient in nail polish removers, all belong to a class of carbonyl compounds called aldehydes and ketones (Figure 1). Although both aldehydes and ketones contain the characteristic carbonyl (C=O) bond, their chemical structures vary with respect to the groups directly attached to the carbonyl carbon.
In aldehydes (Figures 1a and 1b),...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Biomolecules Using EBL Fabricated Nanostructured Substrates

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Biomolecules Using EBL Fabricated Nanostructured Substrates

Published on: March 20, 2015

Platform for Aldehyde and Ketone Quantitation Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

Merwan Benhabib¹, Mark C Peterman¹

¹OndaVia Inc., Hayward, California, USA.

Applied Spectroscopy

|November 27, 2024

Summary

Colorimetric analysis struggles with differentiating aldehydes and ketones. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) provides unique spectral fingerprints for precise speciation and quantification of these vital chemical compounds.

Keywords:

Raman spectroscopy SERS Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy colorimetric analysis quantitative analysis

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Spectroscopy
Organic Chemistry

Background:

Colorimetric methods for aldehyde and ketone detection are limited by non-specific color generation, hindering accurate differentiation.
Each aldehyde and ketone produces a blue color with varying reaction coefficients, making single-test analysis insufficient for speciation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel method for differentiating and quantifying aldehydes and ketones.
To overcome the limitations of traditional colorimetric analyses in aldehyde and ketone detection.

Main Methods:

Utilizing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to obtain unique spectral fingerprints of reaction products.
Incorporating an isotopologue internal standard for enhanced quantification accuracy.

Main Results:

SERS successfully generated distinct spectral fingerprints for individual aldehyde and ketone reaction products, enabling speciation.
The SERS method, with an internal standard, achieved lower detection limits for aldehydes and ketones compared to colorimetric techniques.

Conclusions:

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy offers a powerful and practical solution for aldehyde and ketone speciation and quantification.
This advanced spectroscopic technique provides superior analytical performance over conventional colorimetric methods for analyzing these essential chemical building blocks.