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Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

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Upper-Extremity physical performance tests in older adults: Reference values, reliability and measurement error.

Maria Eduarda Oliveira Novais¹, Anamaria Siriani de Oliveira², Rayanne de Paula Moreira¹

¹Evangelical Faculty of Ceres, Ceres, Goiás, Brazil.

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies

|November 27, 2024

Summary

This study provides reference values for upper extremity tests in older adults, finding sex differences only in the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test (UQYBT). Both tests demonstrated good reliability for assessing physical performance in this population.

Keywords:

Older adults Physical performance tests Upper extremity

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Kinesiology
Physical Therapy

Background:

Physical performance tests are crucial for assessing strength, power, and mobility in older adults.
Limited research exists on these tests specifically within the older adult demographic.
Establishing normative data is essential for clinical application and research.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish reference values for the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test (UQYBT) in older adults.
To investigate sex-based differences in CKCUEST and UQYBT performance.
To determine the reliability and measurement error of these tests in older adults.

Main Methods:

A test-retest design was employed with 103 older adult participants.
CKCUEST and UQYBT performance metrics were recorded and analyzed.
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient and Standard Error of Measurement were used to assess reliability and error.

Main Results:

Normative values for both tests were successfully generated.
Males exhibited significantly higher scores than females solely on the medial reach of the UQYBT in the dominant limb.
The CKCUEST demonstrated good reliability, while the UQYBT showed good to excellent reliability, with a noted exception for the superolateral reach in the dominant limb.

Conclusions:

Reference data for CKCUEST and UQYBT in older adults were established.
Sex-specific differences were identified only for the UQYBT.
The tests exhibited clinically acceptable reliability, supporting their use in older adult populations.