Magnetic Resonance Imaging Texture Analysis Based on Intraosseous and Extraosseous Lesions to Predict Prognosis in Patients with Osteosarcoma

Objectives: To construct an optimal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture model to evaluate histological patterns and predict prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma (OS). Methods: Thirty-four patients underwent pretreatment MRI and were diagnosed as having OS by surgical resection or biopsy between September 2008 and June 2018. Histological patterns and 3-year survival were recorded. Manual segmentation was performed in intraosseous, extraosseous, and entire lesions on T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images to extract texture features and perform principal component analysis. A support vector machine algorithm with 3-fold cross-validation was used to construct and validate the models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate diagnostic performance in evaluating histological patterns and 3-year survival. Results: Eight patients were chondroblastic and the remaining twenty-six patients were non-chondroblastic patterns. Twenty-seven patients were 3-year survivors, and the remaining seven patients were non-survivors. In discriminating chondroblastic from non-chondroblastic patterns, the model from extraosseous lesions on the T2-weighted images showed the highest diagnostic performance (AUCs of 0.94 and 0.89 in the training and validation sets). The model from intraosseous lesions on the T1-weighted images showed the highest diagnostic performance in discriminating 3-year non-survivors from survivors (AUCs of 0.99 and 0.88 in the training and validation sets) with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 85.7%, 92.6%, 75.0%, and 96.2%, respectively. Conclusions: The texture models of extraosseous lesions on T2-weighted images can discriminate the chondroblastic pattern from non-chondroblastic patterns, while the texture models of intraosseous lesions on T1-weighted images can discriminate 3-year non-survivors from survivors.