Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Steps in the Modeling Process

Steps in the Modeling Process

Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Steps against the burden of Parkinson's disease (StepuP): Protocol of a randomized controlled trial elucidating the biomechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms of a speed dependent treadmill training intervention.

PloS one·2026

Same author

Shared and symptom-specific local field potential spectral signatures of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.

Neurobiology of disease·2026

Same author

Perceptual grouping can affect the online control of goal-directed hand movements.

Experimental brain research·2026

Same author

How do we tread? Differences in stability-related foot placement control between overground and treadmill walking in young adults.

PloS one·2026

Same author

Intercepting moving targets: does the visuomotor latency depend on whether one taps on the target or slides through it?

Experimental brain research·2026

Same author

Enforcing a high success percentage interferes with reward-based motor learning.

Scientific reports·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Published on: February 12, 2017

A Circle-Drawing Task for Studying Reward-Based Motor Learning in Children and Adults.

Nina M van Mastrigt^1,2, Jeroen B J Smeets¹, A Moira van Leeuwen¹

¹Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

|November 27, 2024

Summary

School-age children, like adults, learn motor skills through reward feedback. This study shows children adapt movements based on success and failure, demonstrating reward-based motor learning.

Keywords:

adaptation development motor learning reward

More Related Videos

Acquisition of a High-precision Skilled Forelimb Reaching Task in Rats

Acquisition of a High-precision Skilled Forelimb Reaching Task in Rats

Published on: June 22, 2015

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Published on: February 12, 2017

Acquisition of a High-precision Skilled Forelimb Reaching Task in Rats

Acquisition of a High-precision Skilled Forelimb Reaching Task in Rats

Published on: June 22, 2015

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Motor Control

Background:

Motor learning is crucial during childhood due to ongoing development of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems.
Adults adapt movements using reward feedback, but evidence for this in school-age children is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether school-age children exhibit reward-based motor learning similar to adults.
To assess motor adaptation based on reward feedback in a pediatric population.

Main Methods:

A novel circle-drawing task was developed for children (7-17 years) and adults (18-65 years).
Participants drew circles with their non-dominant hand, receiving binary reward feedback based on drawing accuracy.
Reward was contingent on performance, applied in approximately 50% of trials.

Main Results:

Both children and adults successfully increased circle radius towards a target.
No significant differences in learning rates were observed between the age groups.
Both groups showed reduced radius adjustment after reward absence, indicating reward-based motor learning.

Conclusions:

School-age children demonstrate reward-based motor learning capabilities comparable to adults.
This finding supports the role of reward feedback in motor skill acquisition during development.