Cell Cycle Dynamics in the Microalga Tisochrysis lutea: Influence of Light Duration and Drugs

Our investigation into Tisochrysis lutea's cell cycle regulation involved natural and chemical synchronization methods to maximize their proportion at the division phase (G_2/M). Hence, cultures were grown under different light/dark cycles (24:0, 12:12, and 8:16 h) to assess the impact of extended dark periods on cell division. Flow cytometry analyses of the cell cycle revealed that extending the dark phase resulted in a higher number of cells entering G_2/M. However, this remained a minority within the overall culture (peaking at 19.36% ± 0.17 under an 8:16 h L/D cycle). To further enhance synchronization, chemical agents (nocodazole, hydroxyurea, and aphidicolin) were tested for their efficacy in blocking specific cell cycle stages. Only aphidicolin successfully induced significant G_2/M accumulation (>90%). The commitment point for cell division was examined by exposing cultures to varying light durations (0 to 8 h) and measuring cell concentration and size distribution every 4 h. Our findings identified a critical minimum cell size ("sizer") of approximately 56.2 ± 0.6 µm³ and a required minimal light exposure ("timer") of 4 h to reliably trigger cell division. These findings highlight key conditions needed for optimal division of Tisochrysis lutea, offering more controlled and efficient cultivation strategies for future biotechnological applications.