Optimal Computed Tomographic Arthrography Protocol for Stifle Ligamentous Structure and Menisci in Dogs

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Radiology
• Comparative Anatomy
• Medical Imaging Techniques

Background:

• Accurate visualization of the canine stifle joint's complex anatomy is crucial for diagnosing orthopedic conditions.
• Computed tomography angiography (CTA) offers potential for detailed imaging of ligamentous structures and menisci.
• Standardized CTA protocols are needed to optimize image quality and diagnostic yield in veterinary patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish an optimized computed tomography angiography (CTA) protocol for qualitative evaluation of ligamentous structures and menisci in the canine stifle joint.
• To determine the ideal iodine concentration and contrast media volume for superior visualization of stifle joint components.
• To provide a basis for improved diagnostic accuracy in canine stifle injuries.

Main Methods:

• Six healthy beagle dogs underwent CTA of the stifle joint.
• Nine different contrast protocols were tested, varying iodine concentrations (50, 100, 150 mgI/mL) and injection volumes (0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mL/kg).
• Acquired arthrographic images were qualitatively assessed for the visibility of stifle ligaments and menisci.

Main Results:

• Higher contrast settings (100 mgI/mL iodine at 0.3 or 0.4 mL/kg) significantly improved the visibility of cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments compared to lower settings.
• Medial meniscus visibility was reduced with 50 mgI/mL iodine and 0.2 or 0.3 mL/kg volumes.
• Visualization of meniscofemoral, meniscotibial, and intermeniscal ligaments was generally enhanced with higher contrast settings.

Conclusions:

• An optimized CTA protocol using 100 mgI/mL iodine concentration and 0.3 or 0.4 mL/kg contrast volume is recommended for evaluating canine stifle ligaments and menisci.
• This protocol enhances the visualization of key intra-articular structures, aiding in diagnosis.
• Further studies could explore quantitative assessments and clinical applications of this optimized protocol.