Gender Differences in the Functional Limitations of Frail Older People Ageing in Place Alone in Italy

Background/Objectives Older people with functional limitations find it difficult to age in place alone, without cohabiting with relatives. In light of this, this paper aimed to investigate possible gender differences in this respect among seniors living in Italy.

The study presents findings from the IN-AGE ("Inclusive ageing in place") study carried out in 2019 in this country assessing the ability of seniors aged 65 years and over to carry out basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs and IADLs), in addition to two mobility limitations (going up/down the stairs and bending to pick up an object) and sensory limitations (hearing and eyesight). Qualitative/semi-structured interviews were administered to 120 older people living in three Italian regions (Lombardy, Marche, and Calabria). Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed by differentiating between genders and among activities carried out autonomously, with help, or not performed (i.e., the senior is "not able"). Possible sources of support were also explored.

The main results revealed that cleaning the house, shopping, bathing/showering, and washing the laundry are particularly difficult, with men reporting greater difficulties than women. Moreover, for both genders, the family-especially children-represents the main source of help, in addition to public and private services, but the results differ between males and females.

These results can offer insights for policymakers in the development of adequate gender-sensitive policies.