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Oogenesis

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Proteolytically Degraded Alginate Hydrogels and Hydrophobic Microbioreactors for Porcine Oocyte Encapsulation

Proteolytically Degraded Alginate Hydrogels and Hydrophobic Microbioreactors for Porcine Oocyte Encapsulation

Published on: July 30, 2020

Methyl Paraben Affects Porcine Oocyte Maturation Through Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Huimei Huang¹, Chuman Huang¹, Yinghua Li¹

¹Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China.

|November 27, 2024

Summary

Methyl paraben (MP) impairs porcine oocyte maturation by disrupting redox balance and mitochondrial function. This endocrine disruptor inhibits meiotic progression and affects key gene and protein expressions essential for oocyte development.

Keywords:

meiosis methyl para-hydroxybenzoate mitochondrial dysfunction redox imbalance

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Published on: June 27, 2012

Area of Science:

Reproductive Biology
Toxicology
Cell Biology

Background:

Parabens, including methyl paraben (MP), are common preservatives in consumer products.
MP is an endocrine-disrupting compound with known effects on testicular germ cells.
Limited research exists on MP's impact on oocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the toxic effects and specific mechanisms of MP on in vitro porcine oocyte maturation.
To elucidate MP's impact on gene and protein expression related to oocyte development.

Main Methods:

Porcine oocytes were cultured in vitro with MP (50 μM).
Assessed oocyte expansion, polar body extrusion, ATP levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutathione (GSH).
Analyzed gene and protein expression of MAPK1, ERK1, SOD1, GPX, PGC1α+β, Nrf2, LC3B, and caspase3.

Main Results:

MP inhibited oocyte expansion and first polar body extrusion.
Decreased ATP and GSH levels, leading to an elevated ROS/GSH ratio.
Reduced expression of antioxidant, mitochondrial, and autophagy-related genes/proteins; increased apoptosis markers.

Conclusions:

MP negatively affects porcine oocyte maturation by disrupting redox balance and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction.
MP inhibits meiotic progression in oocytes, highlighting potential reproductive risks.
This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of methyl paraben's toxicity in oocyte development.