Role of the ACE I/D Polymorphism in Selected Public Health-Associated Sporting Modalities: An Updated Systematic...

Area of Science:

• Genetics and Sports Science
• Human Physiology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism is investigated for its association with chronic diseases and athletic performance.
• This review strengthens the understanding of the ACE gene's influence on elite athletes and public health.
• The study identifies specific sporting disciplines most affected by the ACE gene polymorphism.

Approach:

• A systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies up to June 2024.
• Included studies focused on the ACE I/D polymorphism in elite endurance and power athletes.
• Analysis utilized various genetic models for public health-associated sports like running, swimming, and cycling.

Key Points:

• A significant association was found between elite endurance and the ACE II genotype compared to controls and power athletes.
• Runners and triathletes showed a strong association with the II genotype (OR = 1.76 and 2.69, respectively).
• Endurance swimmers were also linked to the II genotype compared to power swimmers (OR = 2.27).

Conclusions:

• Meta-analysis confirms a robust link between elite endurance and the ACE I/D polymorphism across diverse sports.
• Findings highlight the genetic influence on athletic performance in endurance disciplines.
• The results have implications for public health strategies and talent identification in sports.