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Biomarkers: The Key to Enhancing Deep Brain Stimulation Treatment for Psychiatric Conditions.

Guillermo J Bazarra Castro¹, Vicente Casitas², Carlos Martínez Macho¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain.

|November 27, 2024

Summary

Biomarkers can improve deep brain stimulation (DBS) for psychiatric disorders by providing objective criteria for diagnosis and treatment assessment. Understanding these markers is key to advancing DBS in psychosurgery and precision psychiatry.

Keywords:

biomarkers deep brain stimulation (DBS)depression diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCT)psychosurgery

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Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Neurosurgery
Biomarker Research

Background:

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) shows promise for treatment-resistant psychiatric conditions but faces challenges.
Heterogeneous results and lack of objective diagnostic/outcome measures limit current DBS applications in psychosurgery.
Current psychiatric diagnoses often rely on clinical scales, lacking measurable biological markers.

Purpose of the Study:

To review available biomarkers in psychosurgery relevant to DBS.
To explore other psychiatric biomarkers with potential applicability to DBS.

Main Methods:

Literature review of biomarkers in psychosurgery and psychiatry.
Examination of biomarkers related to deep brain stimulation.

Main Results:

Five categories of biomarkers exist: clinical/behavioral, omic, neuroimaging, electrophysiological, and neurobiochemical.
Biomarker information is variable but useful for diagnosis, response prediction, target selection, and program adjustment.
These biomarkers offer objective data for DBS applications.

Conclusions:

Enhanced understanding and application of biomarkers can advance DBS in psychosurgery.
Biomarkers facilitate a more objective approach to DBS, aligning with precision psychiatry principles.
Objective criteria derived from biomarkers are crucial for improving DBS efficacy and patient outcomes.