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Related Concept Videos

Extracellular Matrix01:26

Extracellular Matrix

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Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
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The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

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Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
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Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM01:23

Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM

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Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult...
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
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Overview of the Vascular System01:20

Overview of the Vascular System

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The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
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Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Calcification Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models
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Vascular Extracellular Matrix in Atherosclerosis.

Alessia Di Nubila1, Giovanna Dilella1, Rosa Simone1

  • 1Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is vital for cardiovascular health and atherosclerosis. Understanding ECM remodeling offers new therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords:
atherosclerosiscollagenelastinextracellular matrixfibronectinproteoglycansvascular tissue

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for cardiovascular system integrity and function.
  • ECM remodeling significantly influences atherosclerotic plaque development, stability, cellular migration, and inflammation.
  • Key ECM proteins include collagens, fibronectin, laminin, elastin, and proteoglycans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure and function of vascular ECM.
  • To present a novel perspective on ECM remodeling in atherosclerosis.
  • To highlight ECM remodeling as a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on vascular ECM structure and function.
  • Analysis of ECM remodeling processes in atherosclerosis.
  • Exploration of proteolytic enzymes involved in ECM dynamics.

Main Results:

  • ECM plays a central role in cardiovascular structure and atherosclerosis.
  • ECM remodeling impacts plaque stability, cellular migration, and inflammation.
  • Proteolytic enzymes like MMPs drive dynamic ECM remodeling.

Conclusions:

  • Investigating ECM dynamics is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting ECM remodeling mechanisms offers significant advantages in managing cardiovascular diseases.
  • ECM remodeling presents a promising therapeutic avenue for atherosclerosis treatment.