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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Calcification Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models
Published on: January 27, 2023
Vascular Extracellular Matrix in Atherosclerosis
Alessia Di Nubila1, Giovanna Dilella1, Rosa Simone1
1Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy.
Abstract:
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a central role in the structural integrity and functionality of the cardiovascular system. Moreover, the ECM is involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation and stability. In fact, ECM remodeling affects plaque stability, cellular migration, and inflammatory responses. Collagens, fibronectin, laminin, elastin, and proteoglycans are crucial proteins during atherosclerosis development. This dynamic remodeling is driven by proteolytic enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cathepsins, and serine proteases. Exploring and investigating ECM dynamics is an important step to designing innovative therapeutic strategies targeting ECM remodeling mechanisms, thus offering significant advantages in the management of cardiovascular diseases. This review illustrates the structure and role of vascular ECM, presenting a new perspective on ECM remodeling and its potential as a therapeutic target in atherosclerosis treatments.
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