Heart Failure Associated with Giant Uterine Leiomyoma: A Case Report

Heart failure impairs the heart's pumping ability and triggers catecholamine production as an adaptive mechanism. Uterine leiomyomas are common tumors of the female reproductive tract. Their growth is promoted by dysregulated angiogenesis and gonadal steroid hormones. Although uterine leiomyomas share risk factors with most cardiovascular diseases, their relationship with heart failure has not been well described. Herein, we present the case of a 45-year-old woman with heart failure who visited the emergency department, where we incidentally discovered a giant uterine leiomyoma. The patient was admitted with progressive dyspnea and abdominal distension. Echocardiography revealed an enlarged right ventricle and a decreased systolic function. Computed tomography revealed cardiomegaly with bilateral pleural effusions and a tumor measuring 18.0 × 12.0 cm in the abdominal cavity with massive ascites. A diagnosis of heart failure in conjunction with a uterine leiomyoma was established, which prompted the prescription and adjustment of heart failure medications according to the patient's clinical presentation. Three weeks later, given the persistent symptoms of bilateral lower extremities pitting edema and abdominal distension, a total hysterectomy was performed. Postoperatively, echocardiography revealed marked improvement in her heart failure. The patient was discharged in a stable clinical and hemodynamic conditions, and reported good physical condition at the 4-month follow-up. Growth factors and the compression effect of uterine leiomyomas may predispose patients to heart failure and exacerbate its deterioration. Although reports of fibroid-related heart failure are rare, uterine leiomyomas should be considered a potential cause of refractory heart failure. Nevertheless, a direct association requires a longer follow-up period.