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Sitansu Sekhar Nanda1, Dong Kee Yi1

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Nanomaterials (NMs) show promise for treating neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's by delivering siRNA across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Their shape influences gene silencing efficiency, offering a new therapeutic avenue.

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Alzheimer’sHuntington’sNMsParkinson’sROSneurodegenerative

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Nanomaterials (NMs) are crucial in drug delivery and tissue engineering.
  • Nanoparticles (NPs) can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and trigger autophagy within cells.
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) currently lacks effective treatments, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of nanomaterials in delivering bioactive compounds across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
  • To emphasize the significance of nanoparticle (NP) shape in siRNA delivery for central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
  • To explore the application of NMs in cancer treatments and overcoming the BBB limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on nanomaterial applications in drug delivery.
  • Analysis of NP-induced ROS generation and autophagy.
  • Examination of NP shape influence on gene silencing efficacy.
  • Investigation of strategies for crossing the BBB and BBTB.

Main Results:

  • Nanomaterials offer a promising approach for targeted drug delivery, especially across the BBB.
  • The shape of siRNA-loaded NMs is critical for efficient gene delivery and suppression in the CNS.
  • Combined NPs can effectively induce autophagy, a cellular process for maintaining ROS balance.

Conclusions:

  • Nanomaterials represent a significant advancement for treating CNS disorders like AD and brain cancers.
  • Tailoring NM shape is essential for optimizing therapeutic efficacy in targeted drug delivery.
  • Further research into NMs can overcome the challenges posed by the BBB for brain-specific treatments.