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Fatigue01:21

Fatigue

174
Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...
174
Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

189
A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
189

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Cyclic Fatigue Failure of Perforated 3D-Printed Polylactide (PLA) Specimens by Inserted Pin Loading.

J S Hertel1,2, Y W Kwon1, D Sachau2

  • 1Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated the failure of 3D-printed Polylactide (PLA) under pin loading. Print angle significantly impacts tensile strength and fatigue behavior, with distinct failure modes influencing results.

Keywords:
3D printingcyclic fatiguepin loadingpolylactide (PLA)

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • 3D printing, specifically fused deposition modeling (FDM), is increasingly used for functional components.
  • Polylactide (PLA) is a common FDM material, but its mechanical properties, especially under complex loading conditions, require thorough investigation.
  • Perforated components are critical in many engineering applications, and their failure mechanisms in additively manufactured materials are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the tensile and cyclic loading failure behavior of 3D-printed Polylactide (PLA) specimens with circular holes.
  • To investigate the influence of varying print angles on the failure modes and mechanical performance of PLA.
  • To develop and validate predictive models for failure stresses and fatigue life.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental testing of 3D-printed PLA specimens with circular holes under tensile and cyclic loading.
  • Systematic variation of print angles (0° to 90°, [0°/90°]s, [0°/±45°/90°]s) and hole locations.
  • Application of a failure criterion based on stress and stress gradient conditions for prediction.
  • Development of a mathematical interpolation equation for estimating failure stresses and S-N curves.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct failure modes were observed: through-print lines and between-print lines.
  • Tensile failure stress was sensitive to print angle.
  • Normalized S-N data for cyclic loading showed similar trends for through-print line failures but separated for between-print line failures.
  • The predictive failure criterion accurately estimated tensile failure stresses, locations, and orientations.
  • The interpolation equation effectively estimated tensile failure stresses and S-N curves.

Conclusions:

  • Print angle is a critical parameter influencing the mechanical failure of 3D-printed PLA under pin loading.
  • Failure mode significantly affects fatigue behavior, necessitating distinct analysis for each.
  • A combined stress and stress gradient failure criterion provides reliable predictions for tensile failure.
  • Mathematical modeling offers a viable approach for estimating mechanical performance across different print angles.