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Comparative Evaluation of Bone-Implant Contact in Various Surface-Treated Dental Implants Using High-Resolution

Rafał Zieliński1, Adam K Puszkarz2, Tomasz Piętka3

  • 1Stomatologia na Ksieżym Młynie, Lodz, 16D Tymienieckiego, 90-365 Lodz, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Dental implant surface treatments impact bone integration. TiO2 sandblasting showed the most change after demineralization, highlighting the importance of surface modification for osseointegration, especially in compromised bone.

Keywords:
X-ray microtomographydental implant surfaceosseointegration

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Implantology
  • Orthopedic Research

Background:

  • Osseointegration is crucial for dental implant success.
  • Surface modifications significantly influence implant stability and bone-to-implant contact (BIC).
  • Understanding implant behavior in compromised bone is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) of various surface-treated dental implants.
  • To assess the impact of different surface treatments on osseointegration and implant stability.
  • To investigate the effects of bone demineralization on BIC for different implant surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to analyze BIC in rabbit bone models.
  • Four implant surface types were tested: anodized machined, etched, Al2O3 + etched, and TiO2 + etched.
  • Implant analysis was performed before and after bone demineralization.

Main Results:

  • Demineralization reduced BIC percentages across all tested surface treatments.
  • The TiO2 sandblasting + etching group exhibited the largest BIC change (10%) during demineralization.
  • Etched and sandblasted surfaces showed higher initial BIC compared to anodized surfaces alone.

Conclusions:

  • Surface modification is critical for enhancing dental implant osseointegration.
  • Bone demineralization negatively affects BIC, with varying degrees depending on surface treatment.
  • Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended to validate findings.