Durability of Forging Tools Used in the Hot Closed Die Forging Process-A Review.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Mechanical Engineering
• Tribology

Background:

• Forging tools, particularly dies, are susceptible to wear, impacting their service life and operational efficiency.
• Understanding wear mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies to improve tool durability in hot working applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To classify wear mechanisms affecting forging tools.
• To review methods for enhancing die durability, including material selection, heat treatment, surface engineering, and lubrication.
• To present tool regeneration techniques and discuss numerical wear prediction models.

Main Methods:

• Classification of wear mechanisms.
• Review of durability enhancement strategies (material selection, heat treatment, surface engineering, lubrication).
• Analysis of tool regeneration methods (re-profiling, laser regeneration).
• Discussion of numerical wear prediction models (Archard model, artificial neural networks).

Main Results:

• Identified key wear mechanisms in forging tools.
• Detailed various approaches to extend die lifespan.
• Presented and compared re-profiling and laser regeneration techniques.
• Evaluated the Archard model and artificial neural networks for wear prediction.

Conclusions:

• Effective die durability relies on a combination of material choice, processing, surface treatments, and maintenance.
• Accurate wear prediction is achievable through established models and advanced computational methods like ANNs.