Imaging Techniques for Meniscal Vasculature: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Translational Applications

Purpose: The focus of this review is on the imaging techniques used to visualize the meniscal vascular network and arteries in clinical, human ex vivo, and animal model applications. For this purpose, research articles from the past decade that have imaged the vascular network of the meniscus and/or the genicular and popliteal arteries were identified according to established PRISMA statement standards. Methods: Various imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, micro-computed tomography, and optical and fluorescence microscopy, were included and compared based on the type of visualization, imaging resolution, and range of vessel size detection. These imaging modalities were evaluated based on the outcomes of interest, including diagnostic accuracy in identifying the meniscal vasculature and associated pathologies, clinical applications to guide surgical decisions, and translational applications contributing to the research and development of new therapies and the understanding of meniscal physiology and pathology. Results: The analysis conducted in this study highlights the importance of imaging resolution and visualization type in accurately depicting the complex microvasculature of the meniscus with high precision and detail. Conclusions: This review underscores the necessity for high-resolution 3D imaging techniques to comprehensively understand the meniscal vascular network and enhance surgical approaches and treatment options for meniscal lesions and pathologies.