Appropriate Allergic Rhinitis Medications Can Reduce Systemic Steroid Requirement and Prevent Rhinosinusitis

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is quite common and sometimes it requires systemic steroids and can be accompanied by coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), rhinosinusitis, or asthma. We aimed to determine the comparative effect of different types of AR medications on clinical prognosis in real-world settings. Methods: We used national claims data provided by the National Health Insurance Service in the Republic of Korea. We enrolled 275,895 adult patients who were first diagnosed with AR and started AR medications between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2018. We classified them into five groups according to the type of AR medication prescribed and analyzed their 3-year follow-up data. Results: The prescription rate of systemic steroids was low in the INCS group (19%), whereas it was 35-40% in other groups. INCS users needed less systemic steroids than other AR medication users (hazard ratio [HR], 0.503; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.452-0.560; p-value < 0.001). The incidence of rhinosinusitis was approximately 11% in the other AR medication group and 6-8% in the other groups. AH (HR, 0.745; 95% CI, 0.616-0.903; p = 0.003), AH-LTRA (HR, 0.667; 95% CI, 0.551-0.808; p < 0.001), and INCS (HR, 0.746, 95% CI, 0.615-0.904; p = 0.003) significantly prevent rhinosinusitis, compared with other AR medication. However, other prognosis factors were not significantly correlated with the type of AR medications. Conclusions: INCS can reduce systemic steroid requirements and AH, AH-LTRA, and INCS prevent rhinosinusitis compared with other AR medications. As choosing an appropriate AR medication can determine the clinical outcomes, clinicians should be careful in prescribing proper AR medications.