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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

352
Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
352
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

177
Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
177
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
237
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants

158
Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in...
158
Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

218
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
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Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

Published on: December 20, 2024

411

Appropriate Allergic Rhinitis Medications Can Reduce Systemic Steroid Requirement and Prevent Rhinosinusitis.

Min Kwang Byun1, Won Jin Yang1, Yong Jun Choi1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|November 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) reduce systemic steroid needs for allergic rhinitis (AR). Medications like INCS, antihistamines (AH), and AH-leukotriene receptor antagonists (AH-LTRA) help prevent rhinosinusitis in AR patients.

Keywords:
COVID-19allergic rhinitismedicationrhinosinusitissteroid

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent condition often requiring systemic steroids.
  • AR can co-occur with COVID-19, rhinosinusitis, and asthma.
  • Real-world data is needed to compare AR medication effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the clinical outcomes of different allergic rhinitis (AR) medications.
  • To evaluate the impact of AR treatments on systemic steroid use and rhinosinusitis incidence.
  • To analyze real-world data for AR treatment prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized national claims data from the Republic of Korea's National Health Insurance Service.
  • Included 275,895 adult patients newly diagnosed with AR from 2018-2018.
  • Classified patients into five groups based on AR medication type and analyzed 3-year follow-up data.

Main Results:

  • Intranasal corticosteroid (INCS) users had significantly lower systemic steroid requirements (HR 0.503, p < 0.001).
  • Incidence of rhinosinusitis was lower in INCS (6-8%) compared to other AR medications (approx. 11%).
  • Antihistamines (AH), AH-leukotriene receptor antagonists (AH-LTRA), and INCS significantly reduced rhinosinusitis risk compared to other AR medications.

Conclusions:

  • INCS effectively reduces the need for systemic steroids in allergic rhinitis.
  • AH, AH-LTRA, and INCS demonstrate a protective effect against rhinosinusitis.
  • Selecting appropriate AR medications is crucial for optimizing clinical outcomes in patients.