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Characterizing Cerebral Perfusion Changes in Subjective Cognitive Decline Using Single Photon Emission Computed

Yu-Kai Lin1,2, Li-Fan Lin2,3, Chun-Hao Kao3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.

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|November 27, 2024
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Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) patients show reduced regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in specific brain areas. These findings suggest rCBF alterations may serve as early biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection.

Keywords:
biomarkerscognitionregional cerebral blood flowsingle photon emission computerized tomographysubjective cognitive decline

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a potential early indicator of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Investigating regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in SCD may reveal early pathological changes.
  • Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is utilized to assess brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize rCBF patterns in individuals with SCD.
  • To compare rCBF in SCD patients versus healthy controls.
  • To examine the relationship between rCBF and cognitive function in SCD.

Main Methods:

  • 20 SCD patients and 20 healthy controls underwent 99mTc-ECD SPECT imaging.
  • Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was quantified using uptake ratios.
  • Cognitive function was assessed using MMSE, CDR, GDS, and CASI.

Main Results:

  • SCD patients exhibited significantly reduced rCBF in the right superior temporal gyrus (rSTG) and right caudate compared to controls.
  • Negative correlations were found between rCBF in these regions and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores, especially in memory.
  • p-values for group comparisons were < 0.001, indicating statistical significance.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced rCBF in the rSTG and right caudate may serve as early biomarkers for SCD.
  • SPECT imaging could be a valuable tool for early AD detection and risk identification.
  • These findings support earlier intervention strategies for individuals at risk of cognitive decline.