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Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Diabetic Patients with Heart Failure: An Update

Nicia I Profili1, Roberto Castelli1, Antonio Gidaro2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, initially for type 2 diabetes, show significant benefits for heart failure patients. These drugs improve cardiovascular health and manage heart failure, regardless of diabetes status.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus and heart failure frequently coexist, particularly in elderly patients.
  • Elevated blood glucose levels adversely affect the cardiovascular system, worsening glycemic control.
  • Poor glycemic control exacerbates the onset and recurrence of heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) in managing heart failure.
  • To explore the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors beyond glycemic control.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of clinical trials and studies on SGLT2 inhibitors.
  • Examination of the mechanisms underlying SGLT2 inhibitor action in heart failure.

Main Results:

  • SGLT2 inhibitors reduce blood glucose via glycosuria, lowering cardiovascular risk.
  • These inhibitors possess a diuretic effect beneficial for heart failure management.
  • Evidence suggests SGLT2 inhibitors improve heart failure treatment irrespective of glycemic control.

Conclusions:

  • SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrate efficacy in treating both chronic and acute heart failure.
  • The cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors extend to patients without diabetes mellitus.
  • SGLT2 inhibitors represent a significant therapeutic advancement for heart failure management.

Keywords:
Na+-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitorsSGLT2iacute heart failurecardiovascular diseasechronic heart failurediabetes

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