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A Comprehensive Review and Update on Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome.
Priyadarshini Loganathan1, Mahesh Gajendran1, Hemant Goyal2
1Gastroenterology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2024
Summary
Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a gut-brain disorder linked to excessive cannabis use. Understanding the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is key to diagnosing and treating CHS as its prevalence grows.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Pharmacology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) contains over 400 chemicals, including 100 cannabinoids.
- Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a gut-brain axis disorder characterized by cyclic nausea and vomiting.
- CHS is often misdiagnosed due to vague symptoms and overlap with cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the endocannabinoid system's (ECS) role in CHS pathophysiology.
- To explore current CHS management strategies.
- To identify knowledge gaps in understanding and treating CHS.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of studies on cannabis, ECS, and CHS.
- Analysis of the dual role of cannabinoids in the gut-brain axis.
- Exploration of potential mechanisms for compulsive hot bathing in CHS.
Main Results:
- The ECS, particularly cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) in the gut, plays a complex role in CHS.
- Cannabinoids may act as pro-emetic at high doses and anti-emetic at low doses.
- Thermoregulatory functions of endocannabinoids might explain compulsive bathing behavior.
Conclusions:
- CHS prevalence is increasing with wider cannabis legalization.
- Enhanced understanding of the ECS is crucial for accurate CHS diagnosis and treatment.
- Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps and improve patient outcomes.
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