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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Cilomilast Modulates Rhinovirus-Induced Airway Epithelial ICAM-1 Expression and IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL5 Production.

Jie Zhu1, Michael R Edwards1, Simon D Message2

  • 1Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2024
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Summary

Cilomilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, reduced rhinovirus-induced ICAM-1 and CXCL8 in airway cells. However, it increased IL-6 production, suggesting complex anti-inflammatory effects in vitro.

Keywords:
CCL5CXCL8ICAM-1IL-6PDE4 inhibitorsbronchial epithelial cellscilomilastrhinovirus

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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cilomilast is a selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor with known anti-inflammatory properties.
  • PDE4 inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in reducing exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro effects of cilomilast on virus-induced airway epithelial responses.
  • To determine if cilomilast inhibits intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and inflammatory mediators IL-6, CXCL8, and CCL5 production induced by rhinovirus (RV16).

Main Methods:

  • BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were infected with rhinovirus 16 (RV16).
  • Cilomilast or dexamethasone were added pre- or post-infection.
  • ICAM-1 expression was assessed by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM).
  • IL-6, CXCL8, and CCL5 protein and mRNA levels were quantified using ELISA and RT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • Cilomilast significantly reduced RV16-induced ICAM-1 expression by approximately 45%.
  • CXCL8 protein and mRNA levels were decreased by about 41% with cilomilast treatment.
  • IL-6 protein and mRNA production increased significantly (41-81%) following cilomilast exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Cilomilast exhibits differential effects on virus-induced inflammatory responses in airway epithelial cells.
  • It inhibits RV16-induced ICAM-1 and CXCL8 but enhances IL-6 production in vitro.
  • These findings may contribute to understanding the therapeutic benefits of cilomilast in vivo.