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Phytochemical Composition and Characterization of In Vitro Bioactivities from Pinus Using Green Process
Amel Chammam1,2,3, Mehrez Romdhane1, Luc Fillaudeau2
1Energy, Water, Environment, and Process Laboratory, (LR18ES35) National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6029, Tunisia.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2024
Summary
Pinecone extracts from Pinus species, particularly Aleppo pine petal water (APW), show significant antioxidant and anticancer properties. APW also demonstrated notable inhibition against alpha-glucosidase, suggesting therapeutic potential.
Area of Science:
- Phytochemistry
- Pharmacology
- Medicinal Botany
Background:
- Pinus species are ecologically and economically vital in Mediterranean regions.
- Pinecones are a rich source of bioactive compounds used in traditional medicine.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological activities of aqueous extracts from three Pinus species petal and core fractions.
- To identify bioactive compounds and assess their therapeutic potential.
Main Methods:
- Aqueous extracts were prepared by maceration from petal and core fractions of Pinus halepensis, Pinus brutia, and Pinus pinea.
- Phytochemical analysis included total polyphenol content, antioxidant potential (DPPH assay), anticancer activity (HeLa, HepG2, HEK-293 cell lines), and alpha-glucosidase inhibition.
- High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were used for compound identification.
Main Results:
- Aleppo pine petal water (APW) extract exhibited the highest total polyphenol content and superior antioxidant activity (IC50 = 13.51 µg/mL).
- All extracts demonstrated significant anticancer activity against cancer cell lines with no observed toxicity to normal cells.
- APW showed notable inhibition of alpha-glucosidase (77.20% at 50 µg/mL).
- HPLC-DAD and GC-MS analyses identified 14 and 28 compounds, respectively, with 11 compounds being novel for these Pinus species.
Conclusions:
- Pinecone extracts, particularly APW, possess significant antioxidant, anticancer, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory properties.
- The study highlights the potential therapeutic applications of Pinus species pinecones.
- Further research into these phytochemically rich extracts is warranted.
