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Comparative Analysis of Modern 3D-Printed Hybrid Resin-Ceramic Materials for Indirect Restorations: An In Vitro Study
Miriam Albrecht1, Franziska Schmidt1, Franziska Menzel1
1Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany.
Polymers
|November 27, 2024
Summary
Surface treatments like polishing and glazing improve the roughness of 3D-printed resin-ceramics, making them comparable to milled materials. Aging impacts color stability and biocompatibility but not surface roughness.
Area of Science:
- Dental Materials Science
- Biomaterials Engineering
- Surface Science
Background:
- Hybrid resin-ceramic materials are increasingly used in dentistry.
- Understanding the effects of aging and surface treatments on their properties is crucial for clinical longevity.
- Three-dimensional (3D)-printing offers new manufacturing possibilities but requires thorough material characterization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of aging on surface roughness, color stability, and biocompatibility of 3D-printed versus milled hybrid resin-ceramic materials.
- To compare the effects of polishing and glazing surface treatments on these properties.
- To assess the influence of artificial aging on the evaluated characteristics.
Main Methods:
- 225 specimens from three 3D-printed (HL, BV, VV) and one milled (VG) material were prepared.
- Specimens were subjected to untreated, polished, or glazed surface treatments.
- Artificial aging was simulated using 5000 thermal cycles.
- Surface roughness, color stability, and surface topography (SEM) were analyzed.
- Biocompatibility was assessed using L929 cell assays.
Main Results:
- Surface roughness was significantly affected by surface treatments (polishing, glazing) but not by artificial aging.
- Untreated milled materials (VG) were smoother than untreated 3D-printed materials; polishing and glazing reduced roughness in 3D-printed materials to comparable levels.
- Surface treatments induced color changes, with glazing causing more significant alterations than polishing.
- Artificial aging impacted color stability and biocompatibility, but not surface roughness.
- All tested materials demonstrated good biocompatibility with no cytotoxicity observed.
Conclusions:
- Surface treatments are effective in improving the surface quality of 3D-printed resin-ceramics.
- While aging affects color and biocompatibility, surface roughness remains stable post-aging.
- All evaluated hybrid resin-ceramic materials exhibit acceptable clinical performance regarding color stability and biocompatibility.
