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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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A Nutritional Strategy Based on Multiple Components for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Multicenter Randomized

Angela C Bersch-Ferreira1,2, Rachel H V Machado3, Júlia S Oliveira3

  • 1Hcor Teaching Institute, Hcor, São Paulo 04004-030, Brazil.

Nutrients
|November 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A multicomponent nutritional strategy did not outperform personalized diets for type 2 diabetes (T2D) glycemic control. Both approaches improved HbA1c, showing personalized care is key for T2D management.

Keywords:
dietpublic healthquality of liferandomized controlled clinical trialself-caretype 2 diabetes mellitus

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Public Health Nutrition

Background:

  • Optimal dietary management for type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear, necessitating tailored approaches for clinical settings.
  • Assessing novel nutritional strategies is crucial for improving glycemic and metabolic control in T2D patients within public health systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent nutritional strategy compared to personalized dietary prescriptions for managing glycemic control in T2D.
  • To determine if the intervention improves HbA1c levels and overall glycemic control in a public health setting.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter, randomized controlled trial (NUGLIC) involving adults with poorly controlled T2D.
  • Participants were assigned to either a personalized diet (control) or a strategy including nutritional advising, mindfulness, and SMS (intervention).
  • Primary outcomes included changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycemic control status at 24 weeks.

Main Results:

  • Both groups showed significant reductions in HbA1c from baseline, but no significant differences were found between the intervention and control groups at 24 weeks.
  • Glycemic control rates and improvements in diet quality did not differ significantly between the groups.
  • No significant differences were observed in secondary cardiometabolic outcomes, self-care practices, or adverse events.

Conclusions:

  • The tested multicomponent nutritional strategy did not demonstrate superiority over personalized dietary prescriptions for improving glycemic control in T2D.
  • Both interventions are viable options for clinical practice to improve HbA1c, emphasizing the importance of individual patient profiles and preferences.