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Related Concept Videos

Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

29.0K
Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
29.0K
Mixtures of Acids01:19

Mixtures of Acids

646
The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending on the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
In a strong and weak acid mixture, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions present in the solution. In contrast, the weak acid shows...
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Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions03:26

Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions

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An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H+, is transferred from one chemical species to another. Such reactions are of central importance to numerous natural and technological processes, ranging from the chemical transformations within cells or lakes and oceans to the industrial-scale production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other substances essential to the society.
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Composition of Polyprotic Acid Solutions as a Function of pH01:19

Composition of Polyprotic Acid Solutions as a Function of pH

503
Polyprotic acids of the type H2M constitute two ionizable protons. As a result, on titration with a base, they exhibit two equivalence points in the titration curve. During titration, the species H2M, HM−, and M2− will be present in the solution at different points. The fractions of H2M, HM−, and M2− present at the various instances of the titration are denoted by α0, α1, and α2, respectively.
A graph with the alpha values is plotted against the volume of...
503
Titration of a Polyprotic Acid02:08

Titration of a Polyprotic Acid

95.8K
A polyprotic acid contains more than one ionizable hydrogen and undergoes a stepwise ionization process.  If the acid dissociation constants of the ionizable protons differ sufficiently from each other, then the titration curve for such polyprotic acid generates a distinct equivalence point for each of its ionizable hydrogens. Therefore, titration of a diprotic acid results in the formation of two equivalence points, whereas the titration of a triprotic acid results in the formation of three...
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Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

37.6K
Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
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Toward Polymeric Room Temperature Acid Generators.

Joel W Roberts1, Amie N Lanzendorf1, Jazmin E Aguilar-Romero1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.

Chemistryopen
|November 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new biocompatible acid-generators using 4-hydroxybenzyl chloride derivatives. These molecules produce hydrochloric acid via hydrolysis at room temperature without light, offering an optimized alternative to existing methods.

Keywords:
Acid amplificationAcid generatorCancerDrug deliveryExtra cellular pH

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Existing acid-generating molecules often produce toxic byproducts.
  • Current methods may require light activation or extreme temperatures unsuitable for physiological conditions.
  • Optimization of biocompatible acid-generators is needed for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel, biocompatible acid-generating molecules.
  • To investigate 4-hydroxybenzyl chloride derivatives as a new class of acid generators.
  • To achieve acid generation under mild, physiological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of acetal-protected 4-hydroxybenzyl chloride derivatives.
  • Hydrolysis of the benzylic position to generate hydrochloric acid.
  • Characterization of acid generation rates under varying conditions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized a range of 4-hydroxybenzyl chloride derivatives.
  • Demonstrated hydrochloric acid generation via hydrolysis at the benzylic position.
  • Achieved acid generation at room temperature and in the absence of light.
  • Showcased tunable acid generation rates by modifying the scaffold.

Conclusions:

  • 4-hydroxybenzyl chloride derivatives represent a promising new class of biocompatible acid-generators.
  • These compounds offer a safer and more versatile alternative to existing acid-generating systems.
  • The developed scaffold allows for fine-tuning of acid release kinetics for specific applications.