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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

362
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
362
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

583
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
583
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

192
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
192
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

971
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
971
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

413
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
413
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

772
Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
772

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Current evidence on artificial intelligence in regional anesthesia.

Bhanu Pratap Swain1,2, Deb Sanjay Nag3, Rishi Anand1,2

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur 831001, India.

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Summary

Artificial intelligence (AI) enhances regional anesthesia (RA) by overcoming human limitations in ultrasound-guided nerve blocks. AI offers real-time guidance for improved safety and effectiveness in clinical practice.

Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceMachine learningNerve blockRegional anesthesiaUltrasonography

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Regional anesthesia (RA) relies heavily on ultrasound guidance for nerve blocks.
  • Human factors like fatigue and skill limitations can impact the safety and efficacy of RA.
  • Ultrasound-guided nerve blocks depend on performer expertise, presenting challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in regional anesthesia.
  • To explore the future potential of AI integration in RA practice.
  • To identify barriers hindering the clinical implementation of AI in RA.

Main Methods:

  • Mini-review of existing literature on AI in regional anesthesia.
  • Analysis of AI's role in overcoming human limitations in ultrasound-guided procedures.
  • Discussion of AI capabilities in image recognition and real-time guidance.

Main Results:

  • AI, particularly machine learning, can improve anatomical structure identification and needle placement accuracy.
  • AI offers real-time guidance, highlighting structures and assisting needle tracking.
  • The integration of AI promises to enhance the safety and efficiency of RA.

Conclusions:

  • AI integration in RA holds significant promise for improving procedural outcomes.
  • Addressing challenges like device malfunction, data privacy, and cost is crucial for widespread adoption.
  • AI has the potential to revolutionize regional anesthesia by augmenting clinician capabilities.